Bury Me Standing - Isabel Fonseca

A personal documentary piece of writing about Roma in the various eastern European countries.  Fonseca lives with some families, does extensive interviews with others, and gets herself onto the inside of the lives the Roma lead.  Organized by country, which lets her examine subtle differences in how Roma are treated in different countries.  Mostly focused on current situations, as well as aspects of earlier 20th C history and how it has affected the various communities.

Some interesting ideas emerge:
1) It would seem Roma don't want to be integrated into European society generally.  They have a strong culture and set of values that have been maintained for centuries (many of the roots trace back to Indian society and caste structures) and want to keep them.  What they want is space to earn a living in a way suitable to them and a safe place to live without harassment and prejudice.

2) The industrial period has been very bad for them.  The various tribal groups seem to have had skills that were valued - such as metal work, basketwork, horse trading, various traditional skills - and which they used to make a living as they traveled from one town to the next.  Industrial production and modernization has essentially eliminated the need for these skills, and seems to have left many Roma with no way to earn a living.  It seems to me that there is a certain inability to adapt here as the world changes around you.  Traditional roles and values, a lack of understanding (perhaps) of the importance of education in today's working world, seem to work against resolving this problem of how to live.

3)  This idea of standing apart, of being a social group that only integrates so far - mostly for economic reasons - that keeps to itself apart socially and in marriage.  It would seem to be a threatening stance to majority social groups within a country.  Something similar could be said about aspects of Jewish society in Europe as well.  It creates group cohesion but it also puts you in a vulnerable position.  In a way, same could be said about Palestinians in Israel.

4) Traditional Rom  have a strong sense of contamination/purity and contact with certain thing can make you impure.  It seems to focus on what you put inside your body, or inside your house.  Some Rom won't eat outside the home for fear of ritual contamination.

Who are the Macedonians? Hugh Poulton

Similar to the book by Rossos but organized more by topic and issue, and less so by historical perspective.  Poulton also devotes quite a bit of time to the various ethnic groups within Macedonia, their history, and the history of interethnic relations.  The section on modern Macedonia and the issues and conflicts currently affecting politics is very thorough - Albanian, Macedonian relations; the republic's name issue; separatist tendencies, long-term viability of the state.

A good followup read to a general history.

Macedonia and the Macedonians - Andrew Rossos

An excellent overview of Macedonian history from ancient times to the present.  It answered many of the questions I had about how Macedonia came to be such an important part of Balkan, and modern European, history.
Excellent discussion of how, over many years, the Macedonian people struggled to assert their identity and establish a homeland in spite of almost constant resistance from Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia.  Quite an accomplishment, actually.  Really the work of the people themselves, as they had no foreign sponsors, no Macedonian church, no strong political elite or association for most of their history.
There is also some interesting discussion of Macedonia's place in Yugoslavia - the Yugoslavian communists were the first (and only) to recognize Macedonians as a distinct ethnic group and support the establishment of a Macedonian state.
Didn't read every detail of the 20th century ins and outs of the struggle, but the book is well set up for skimming, with a summary at the beginning of each more detailed chapter.